Dr. Liisa Selin, Dr. Ayano Kohlgruber, and Dr. Roshan Kumar received a Solve ME/CFS Catalyst Award for their study searching for the exact proteins recognized by T-cell receptors from a person with ME/CFS and a person with Long Covid.
These disease-associated T cells include “exhausted” CD8+ T cells and “double-positive” CD4+/CD8+ T cells (which are found in people with autoimmune diseases, too). The researchers hypothesize that these T cells recognize fragments of microbial proteins critical for developing the disease. The microbial protein fragments may overstimulate and exhaust the T cells.
Also, fragments of human proteins may resemble these microbial protein fragments; thus, the disease-associated T cells may cross-react with human proteins to drive an autoimmune response.
In this study, the research team will screen a library of protein fragments from microbes (viruses and bacteria) that are associated with developing Long Covid or ME/CFS (e.g., SARS-CoV-2, B. burgdorferi, enteroviruses), and a library of protein fragments from humans (to find self-antigens).
If successful, these deliverables would be important for understanding how much persisting pathogens or self-antigens can exhaust the immune system, and how dysfunctional and exhausted immune responses contribute to ME/CFS and Long Covid.
In our webinar hosted by Solve M.E. VP of Scientific Programs Dr. Jessica Maya, the panelists discuss the study and how this work could also produce new disease biomarkers and suggest new treatments for patient subgroups, as well as how the libraries of human leukocyte antigen–displayed microbial and human protein fragments established by this work could be valuable resources for future ME/CFS and Long Covid studies.
Watch the webinar here, and review the presentation deck here.